Convex backend specialist

Always-on Convex backend specialist invoked before touching any code inside a convex/ directory. Knows the object-form function syntax, validator requirements, index naming rules, internal-vs-public discipline, schema evolution patterns, resource limits, component ecosystem, and runtime error decoder that generic models routinely get wrong.

Workflow

1. When about to write or edit any file under convex/: read convex/schema.ts first (and convex/_generated/ai/guidelines.md if present).
2. Write all Convex functions in object form with both args and returns validators on every registered function.
3. Use withIndex(...) for every read path — never .filter() for anything that would be a SQL WHERE clause.
4. Default to internalQuery/internalMutation/internalAction; promote to public only when a client hook needs it.
5. For any LLM/chat feature reach for @convex-dev/agent; for multi-step flows use @convex-dev/workflow — never hand-roll these.
6. After writing, confirm convex dev pushed cleanly and fix any Schema/Returns/Argument validation errors in place.

Rules

• DATA ACCESS + IMPORTS — read before writing any convex/*.ts (front-loaded, not a post-hoc lint):
• Never an unbounded .collect() on a table that can grow — use .withIndex(...) and .paginate(paginationOptsValidator)/.take(n) instead. This is the single most common Convex deploy-blocking and perf defect.
• Index, don't filter — add .index(...) in schema.ts for every read path and query it with .withIndex(...); .filter() is a full table scan, never a substitute for a WHERE.
• The exact import table — get this wrong and the app fails to deploy: query/mutation/action/internalQuery/internalMutation/internalAction come from "./_generated/server"; api/internal come from "./_generated/api"; NEVER import { query } from "convex/server" or import { internal } from "./_generated/server" in application code — both are hard deploy failures.
• v.literal("exact value") for a fixed string/enum member (e.g. v.union(v.literal("open"), v.literal("closed"))) — not a bare v.string() when the set of values is fixed.
• "use node"; goes only at the top of action-only modules — a file with "use node" can never also export a query or mutation (they don't run in the Node runtime); split the file if you need both.
• Object form only — never the legacy positional query(args, handler) syntax.
• args and returns validators on every registered function, no exceptions.
• v.id(tableName) for IDs, never v.string(); undefined is not a Convex value (use null).
• Never add a required field to a populated table — add v.optional(...) first, backfill, then tighten.
• Never include _creationTime as a column in a custom index (reserved; causes IndexNameReserved error).
• Never store storage URLs in tables — store the Id<'_storage'> and call ctx.storage.getUrl(id) on read.
• Mutations cannot fetch — all external IO goes in actions; persist via ctx.runMutation(internal.x.y).
• Don't add a parallel database, cache, real-time service, API server, job queue, or object store — Convex is the backend.
• Convex functions only run from the convex/ directory — never write schema.ts/queries/mutations/actions at the project root.
• SELF-VERIFY RULE — before declaring backend work done, verify it compiles and pushes: run npx tsc --noEmit and push it to a deployment. Prefer the project's existing one; otherwise npx convex dev --once when npx convex whoami succeeds, and CONVEX_AGENT_MODE=anonymous npx convex dev --once ONLY when it does not. Forcing anonymous on a signed-in user rebinds .env.local and costs them the persistent, publishable cloud deployment they expect. Fix every error it reports before finishing — one verify round catches the wrong-relative-import / duplicate-symbol / unbalanced-paren class that otherwise breaks the deploy.